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Re ile ra etsa lipatlisiso ka phello ea sebaka se ikhethileng ho thepa ea electrochemical ea NiCo2O4 (NCO) bakeng sa ho lemoha tsoekere.Li-nanomaterials tsa NCO tse nang le sebaka se itseng se laoloang se hlahisitsoe ke hydrothermal synthesis le li-additives, 'me ho entsoe li-nanostructures tse ikemetseng tse nang le hedgehog, nale ea phaene, tremella le lipalesa tse kang morphology.The novelty ea mokhoa ona e larileng ka ka taolo e hlophisitsoeng ea tsela lik'hemik'hale itšoara joang ka ho phaella ka ho re tse fapa-fapaneng additives nakong synthesis, e leng se isang ka boithatelo sebopeho sa morphologies tse sa tšoaneng ntle le phapang efe kapa efe sebopeho kristale le boemo ba lik'hemik'hale tsa metsoako constituent.Taolo ena ea morphological ea NCO nanomaterials e lebisa liphetohong tse kholo ts'ebetsong ea electrochemical ea ho lemoha tsoekere.Ka kopanelo le sebopeho sa lintho tse bonahalang, ho ile ha buisanoa ka kamano pakeng tsa sebaka se itseng sa holimo le tšebetso ea electrochemical bakeng sa ho lemoha tsoekere.Mosebetsi ona o ka fana ka temohisiso ea mahlale mabapi le tokiso e kaholimo ea li-nanostructures tse khethollang ts'ebetso ea tsona bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e ka bang teng ho li-glucose biosensor.
Maemo a tsoekere ea mali a fana ka tlhahisoleseling ea bohlokoa mabapi le boemo ba metabolism le 'mele oa mmele1,2.Mohlala, maemo a sa tloaelehang a tsoekere 'meleng e ka ba sesupo sa bohlokoa sa mathata a tebileng a bophelo bo botle, ho kenyelletsa lefu la tsoekere, lefu la pelo le botenya 3,4,5.Ka hona, ho beha maemo a tsoekere maling leihlo kamehla ho bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho boloka bophelo bo botle.Le hoja mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea li-sensor tsa tsoekere e sebelisang tlhahlobo ea physicochemical e tlalehiloe, kutloisiso e tlaase le linako tse liehang tsa ho arabela li ntse li le lithibelo ho mekhoa e tsoelang pele ea ho hlahloba tsoekere6,7,8.Ho phaella moo, hona joale li-sensor tsa glucose tse tloaelehileng tsa electrochemical tse thehiloeng ho liketso tsa enzymatic li ntse li e-na le mefokolo e itseng ho sa tsotellehe melemo ea tsona ea ho arabela ka potlako, kutloisiso e phahameng le mekhoa e batlang e le bonolo ea ho etsa lintho9,10.Ka hona, mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea li-electrochemical sensors tse se nang enzymatic li 'nile tsa ithutoa ka mokhoa o pharaletseng ho thibela denaturation ea enzyme ha li ntse li boloka melemo ea electrochemical biosensors9,11,12,13.
Li-transition metal compounds (TMCs) li na le ts'ebetso e phahameng ka ho lekaneng ea catalytic mabapi le tsoekere, e eketsang boholo ba ts'ebeliso ea tsona ho li-electrochemical glucose sensors13,14,15.Ho fihlela joale, mekhoa e sa tšoaneng e utloahalang le mekhoa e bonolo ea ho qaptjoa ha TMS e 'nile ea etsoa tlhahiso ea ho ntlafatsa kutloisiso, khetho, le botsitso ba electrochemical ea ho lemoha tsoekere16,17,18.Ka mohlala, li-oxide tsa tšepe tse sa tsitsang tse kang koporo oxide (CuO) 11,19, zinc oxide (ZnO)20, nickel oxide (NiO) 21,22, cobalt oxide (Co3O4) 23,24 le cerium oxide (CeO2) 25 ke e sebetsang ka electrochemically mabapi le tsoekere.Khatelo-pele ea morao-rao ea li-oxide tsa tšepe tse kang nickel cobaltate (NiCo2O4) bakeng sa ho lemoha tsoekere e bontšitse liphello tse ling tsa synergistic mabapi le ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea motlakase26,27,28,29,30.Haholo-holo, taolo e nepahetseng ea sebopeho le morphology ho theha TMS e nang le li-nanostructures tse fapa-fapaneng li ka eketsa ka katleho kutloisiso ea ho lemoha ka lebaka la sebaka sa bona se seholo sa holim'a metsi, kahoo ho kgothaletswa haholo ho hlahisa TMS e laoloang ke morphology bakeng sa ntlafatso ea ho lemoha tsoekere20,25,30,31,32, 33.34, 35.
Mona re tlaleha li-nanomaterials tsa NiCo2O4 (NCO) tse nang le li-morphology tse fapaneng bakeng sa ho lemoha tsoekere.Li-nanomaterials tsa NCO li fumanoa ka mokhoa o bonolo oa hydrothermal o sebelisa li-additives tse fapaneng, li-additives tsa lik'hemik'hale ke e 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa ho ikopanyeng ha li-nanostructures tsa morphologies tse sa tšoaneng.Re ile ra batlisisa ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng phello ea li-NCO tse nang le morphologies tse fapaneng mabapi le ts'ebetso ea tsona ea electrochemical bakeng sa ho lemoha tsoekere, ho kenyelletsa le kutlo, khetho, moeli oa ho lemoha o tlase, le botsitso ba nako e telele.
Re ile ra kopanya li-nanomaterials tsa NCO (e khutsufalitsoeng UNCO, PNCO, TNCO le FNCO ka ho latellana) ka libopeho tse nyane tse tšoanang le li-urchins tsa leoatle, linale tsa phaene, tremella le lipalesa.Setšoantšo sa 1 se bontša li-morphology tse fapaneng tsa UNCO, PNCO, TNCO, le FNCO.Litšoantšo tsa SEM le litšoantšo tsa EDS li bontšitse hore Ni, Co, le O li ne li ajoa ka ho lekana ho li-nanomaterials tsa NCO, joalokaha ho bontšoa ho Lipapiso 1 le 2. S1 le S2, ka ho latellana.Ka feiga.2a,b e bonts'a baemeli ba TEM litšoantšo tsa NCO nanomaterials tse nang le morphology e ikhethang.UNCO ke microsphere e ikamahanyang le eona (bophara: ~ 5 µm) e entsoeng ka li-nanowires tse nang le li-nanoparticles tsa NCO (karolelano ea boholo ba likaroloana: 20 nm).Microstructure ena e ikhethang e lebeletsoe ho fana ka sebaka se seholo sa holim'a metsi ho nolofatsa ho ata ha electrolyte le lipalangoang tsa elektronike.Ho eketsoa ha NH4F le urea nakong ea ho kopanya ho ile ha fella ka "acicular microstructure" e teteaneng (PNCO) 3 µm bolelele le 60 nm ka bophara, e entsoeng ka li-nanoparticles tse kholoanyane.Ho eketsoa ha HMT sebakeng sa NH4F ho fella ka morphology e kang tremello (TNCO) e nang le nanosheet e sosobaneng.Ho kenyelletsoa ha NH4F le HMT nakong ea ho kopanya ho lebisa ho kopanngoeng ha li-nanosheets tse haufi tse sosobaneng, tse hlahisang morphology e kang lipalesa (FNCO).Setšoantšo sa HREM (setšoantšo sa 2c) se bontša lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa grating tse nang le libaka tse fapaneng tsa 0.473, 0.278, 0.50, le 0.237 nm, tse lumellanang le (111), (220), (311), le (222) lifofane tsa NiCo2O4, s 27. .Sebaka se khethiloeng sa electron diffraction pattern (SAED) ea NCO nanomaterials (inset to Fig. 2b) e boetse e tiisa mofuta oa polycrystalline oa NiCo2O4.Liphello tsa litšoantšo tse lefifi tsa annular tse phahameng (HAADF) le 'mapa oa EDS li bontša hore likarolo tsohle li arolelitsoe ka mokhoa o lekanang ho NCO nanomaterial, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 2d.
Setšoantšo sa moralo oa mokhoa oa ho thehoa ha NiCo2O4 nanostructures e nang le morphology e laoloang.Litšoantšo tsa Schematics le SEM tsa li-nanostructures tse fapaneng li boetse li bontšoa.
morphological and structural characterization of NCO nanomaterials: (a) TEM image, (b) TEM image with SAED pattern, (c) grating-resolved HRTEM image le HADDF e tsamaellanang le litšoantšo tsa Ni, Co, and O in (d) NCO nanomaterials..
Lipaterone tsa diffraction tsa X-ray tsa NCO nanomaterials tsa morphologies tse fapaneng li bonts'oa ho Feiga.3a.Litlhōrō tsa diffraction ho 18.9, 31.1, 36.6, 44.6, 59.1 le 64.9 ° li bontša lifofane (111), (220), (311), (400), (511) le (440) NiCo2O4, ka ho latellana, tse nang le cubic. sebopeho sa spinel (JCPDS No. 20-0781) 36. Letšoao la FT-IR la li-nanomaterials tsa NCO li bontšoa ho Figs.3b.Lihlopha tse peli tse matla tsa vibrational sebakeng se pakeng tsa 555 le 669 cm-1 li lumellana le metallic (Ni le Co) oksijene e nkiloeng ho tloha tetrahedral le octahedral positions tsa NiCo2O437 spinel, ka ho latellana.Ho utloisisa hamolemo thepa ea sebopeho sa NCO nanomaterials, Raman spectra e ile ea fumanoa joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 3c.Litlhōrō tse 'nè tse hlokometsoeng ho 180, 459, 503, le 642 cm-1 li lumellana le mekhoa ea Raman F2g, E2g, F2g, le A1g ea NiCo2O4 spinel, ka ho latellana.Litekanyo tsa XPS li ile tsa etsoa ho fumana boemo ba lik'hemik'hale tse holim'a likarolo tsa NCO nanomaterials.Ka feiga.3d e bonts'a sebopeho sa XPS sa UNCO.Maqhubu a Ni 2p a na le litlhoro tse peli tse kholo tse fumanehang ho matla a tlamang a 854.8 le 872.3 eV, a tsamaellanang le Ni 2p3/2 le Ni 2p1/2, le li-satellite tse peli tse sisinyehang ho 860.6 le 879.1 eV, ka ho latellana.Sena se bontša boteng ba Ni2+ le Ni3+ oxidation States ho NCO.Litlhōrō tse pota-potileng 855.9 le 873.4 eV ke tsa Ni3+, 'me litlhōrō tse pota-potileng 854.2 le 871.6 eV ke tsa Ni2+.Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, Co2p spectrum ea li-spin-orbit doublets tse peli li senola litlhōrō tse ikhethang tsa Co2+ le Co3+ ho 780.4 (Co 2p3/2) le 795.7 eV (Co 2p1/2).Litlhōrō tsa 796.0 le 780.3 eV li lumellana le Co2+, 'me litlhōrō tsa 794.4 le 779.3 eV li lumellana le Co3+.Hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore boemo ba polyvalent ba li-ion tsa tšepe (Ni2 +/ Ni3 + le Co2 +/ Co3 +) ho NiCo2O4 bo khothalletsa ho eketseha ha mosebetsi oa electrochemical37,38.Pono ea Ni2p le Co2p bakeng sa UNCO, PNCO, TNCO, le FNCO li bontšitse liphetho tse tšoanang, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe feiga.S3.Ho phaella moo, ponahalo ea O1s ea li-nanomaterials tsohle tsa NCO (Fig. S4) e bontšitse litlhōrō tse peli ho 592.4 le 531.2 eV, tse neng li amahanngoa le litlamo tse tloaelehileng tsa tšepe-oxygen le oksijene lihlopheng tsa hydroxyl tsa NCO surface, ka ho latellana39.Leha meaho ea li-nanomaterials tsa NCO e tšoana, liphapang tsa morphological ho li-additives li fana ka maikutlo a hore tlatsetso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ka nka karolo ka tsela e fapaneng karabelong ea lik'hemik'hale ho theha NCO.Sena se laola ka matla a molemo nucleation le lijo-thollo kgolo mehato, ka tsela eo ho laola phatsa boholo le tekanyo ea agglomeration.Kahoo, taolo ea mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso, ho kenyeletsoa li-additives, nako ea karabelo, le mocheso nakong ea synthesis, e ka sebelisoa ho rala microstructure le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea electrochemical ea NCO nanomaterials bakeng sa ho lemoha tsoekere.
(a) Lipaterone tsa X-ray diffraction, (b) FTIR le (c) Raman spectra ea NCO nanomaterials, (d) XPS spectra ea Ni 2p le Co 2p ho tsoa UNCO.
Morpholoji ea li-nanomaterials tsa NCO tse fetotsoeng li amana haufi-ufi le ho thehoa ha mekhahlelo ea pele e fumanoang ho tsoa ho li-additives tse fapaneng tse bontšitsoeng ho Setšoantšo sa S5.Ho phaella moo, X-ray le Raman spectra ea lisampole tse sa tsoa lokisoa (Figures S6 le S7a) li bontšitse hore ho kenya letsoho ha metsoako e fapaneng ea lik'hemik'hale ho ile ha fella ka phapang ea crystallographic: Ni le Co carbonate hydroxides li ne li hlokomeloa haholo-holo ka har'a li-urchins tsa leoatle le sebopeho sa nale ea phaene, ha e ntse e le joalo. meaho ka mokhoa oa tremella le lipalesa li bonts'a boteng ba nickel le cobalt hydroxides.Sebopeho sa FT-IR le XPS sa li-sampuli tse lokiselitsoeng li bontšoa ho Litšoantšo tsa 1 le 2. S7b-S9 e boetse e fana ka bopaki bo hlakileng ba phapang e boletsoeng ka holimo ea crystallographic.Ho tloha ho thepa ea lisebelisoa tsa lisampole tse lokiselitsoeng, hoa hlaka hore li-additives li ameha ka liketso tsa hydrothermal 'me li fana ka litsela tse fapaneng tsa ho itšoara ho fumana mekhahlelo ea pele ka morphologies e fapaneng40,41,42.Ho ikamahanya ha li-morphologies tse fapaneng, tse nang le li-nanowires tsa mahlakore a le mong (1D) le li-nanosheets tse mahlakore a mabeli (2D), li hlalosoa ke boemo bo fapaneng ba lik'hemik'hale tsa mekhahlelo ea pele (Ni le Co ions, hammoho le lihlopha tse sebetsang), e lateloa ke khōlo ea kristale42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea morao-rao ea mocheso, mekhahlelo e sa tšoaneng ea pele e fetoloa NCO spinel ha e ntse e boloka morpholoji ea bona e ikhethang, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe litšoantšong tsa 1 le 2. 2 le 3a.
Phapang ea morphological ho NCO nanomatadium e ka susumetsa sebaka se sebetsang sa electrochemically bakeng sa ho lemoha tsoekere, ka tsela eo e laole litšobotsi tsa kakaretso tsa electrochemical tsa sensor ea tsoekere.N2 BET adsorption-desorption isotherm e ne e sebelisetsoa ho hakanya boholo ba pore le sebaka se ikhethileng sa NCO nanomaterials.Ka feiga.4 e bonts'a li-isotherm tsa BET tsa li-nanomaterials tse fapaneng tsa NCO.Sebaka se khethehileng sa BET bakeng sa UNCO, PNCO, TNCO le FNCO li hakanngoa ho 45.303, 43.304, 38.861 le 27.260 m2 / g, ka ho latellana.UNCO e na le sebaka se phahameng ka ho fetisisa sa BET (45.303 m2 g-1) le palo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea pore (0.2849 cm3 g-1), 'me kabo ea boholo ba pore e moqotetsane.Liphetho tsa BET bakeng sa li-nanomaterials tsa NCO li bontšoa ho Lethathamo la 1. Li-curve tsa N2 adsorption-desorption li ne li tšoana haholo le mofuta oa IV isothermal hysteresis loops, e leng se bontšang hore lisampole tsohle li na le sebopeho sa mesoporous48.Li-UNCO tsa Mesoporous tse nang le sebaka se phahameng ka ho fetisisa le bophahamo ba pore e phahameng ka ho fetisisa li lebelletsoe ho fana ka libaka tse ngata tse sebetsang bakeng sa karabelo ea redox, e lebisang ntlafatsong ea ts'ebetso ea electrochemical.
Liphetho tsa BET tsa (a) UNCO, (b) PNCO, (c) TNCO, le (d) FNCO.Inset e bonts'a kabo ea boholo ba pore e tsamaellanang.
Karabelo ea electrochemical redox ea NCO nanomaterials e nang le li-morphology tse fapaneng bakeng sa ho lemoha tsoekere e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa litekanyo tsa CV.Ka feiga.5 e bonts'a li-curve tsa CV tsa NCO nanomaterials ho 0.1 M NaOH alkaline electrolyte e nang le glucose ea 5 mM le ntle le eona ka sekhahla sa 50 mVs-1.Ha tsoekere e le sieo, litlhōrō tsa redox li ile tsa bonoa ho 0.50 le 0.35 V, tse tsamaellanang le oxidation e amanang le M-O (M: Ni2+, Co2+) le M * -O-OH (M *: Ni3 +, Co3 +).sebelisa OH anion.Kamora ho eketsoa ha tsoekere ea 5 mM, karabelo ea redox holim'a li-nanomaterials tsa NCO e ile ea eketseha haholo, e ka bang ka lebaka la oxidation ea tsoekere ho gluconolactone.Setšoantšo sa S10 se bonts'a maqhubu a redox a phahameng ka ho fetisisa ho litekanyetso tsa scan 5-100 mV s-1 ho 0.1 M NaOH tharollo.Ho hlakile hore tlhōrō ea morao-rao ea redox e eketseha ka sekhahla se ntseng se eketseha sa scan, se bontšang hore NCO nanomaterials e na le diffusion e tšoanang e laoloang boitšoaro ba electrochemical50,51.Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa S11, sebaka sa electrochemical surface (ECSA) sa UNCO, PNCO, TNCO, le FNCO ho hakanngoa hore ke 2.15, 1.47, 1.2, le 1.03 cm2, ka ho latellana.Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore UNCO e na le thuso bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea electrocatalytic, e thusang ho lemoha tsoekere.
Li-curve tsa CV tsa (a) UNCO, (b) PNCO, (c) TNCO, le (d) li-electrode tsa FNCO tse se nang glucose le ho tlatsetsoa ka 5 mM glucose ka sekhahla sa 50 mVs-1.
Ts'ebetso ea electrochemical ea NCO nanomaterials bakeng sa ho lemoha tsoekere e ile ea batlisisoa 'me liphello li bontšoa setšoantšong sa 6. Ho utloahala ha glucose ho ile ha khethoa ke mokhoa oa CA ka ho eketsa butle-butle mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea glucose (0.01-6 mM) ka tharollo ea 0.1 M NaOH ho 0.5 V ka nako ea 60 s.Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe feiga.6a–d, NCO nanomatadium e bonts'a maikutlo a fapaneng ho tloha ho 84.72 ho isa ho 116.33 µA mM-1 cm-2 ka li-coefficients tse phahameng tsa khokahano (R2) ho tloha ho 0.99 ho isa ho 0.993.Lekhalo la ho lekanya lipakeng tsa khatello ea tsoekere le karabelo ea hajoale ea li-nanomaterials tsa NCO li bonts'oa feiga.S12.Meeli e baliloeng ea ho lemoha (LOD) ea li-nanomaterials tsa NCO e ne e le lipakeng tsa 0.0623–0.0783 µM.Ho ea ka liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea CA, UNCO e bontšitse kutloisiso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa (116.33 μA mM-1 cm-2) sebakeng se pharaletseng sa ho lemoha.Sena se ka hlalosoa ka sebopeho sa eona se ikhethang se kang urchin ea leoatleng, e nang le sebopeho sa mesoporous se nang le sebaka se seholo se ikhethileng se fanang ka libaka tse ngata tse sebetsang bakeng sa mefuta ea tsoekere.Ts'ebetso ea electrochemical ea li-nanomaterials tsa NCO tse hlahisitsoeng ho Lethathamo la S1 li netefatsa ts'ebetso e ntle haholo ea tlhahlobo ea tsoekere ea electrochemical ea li-nanomaterials tsa NCO tse lokiselitsoeng thutong ena.
CA likarabo tsa UNCO (a), PNCO (b), TNCO (c), le FNCO (d) li-electrode tse nang le glucose e kentsoeng ho 0.1 M NaOH solution ka 0.50 V. The insets show calibration curves of current responses of NCO nanomaterials: (e ) Likarabo tsa KA tsa UNCO, (f) PNCO, (g) TNCO, le (h) FNCO ka tlatsetso ea mohato ka mohato ea 1 mM glucose le 0.1 mM interferking substances (LA, DA, AA, le UA).
Bokhoni ba ho thibela tšitiso ea ho lemoha tsoekere ke ntlha e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ho khethoeng le ho lemoha ha tsoekere ea glucose ka ho kena-kenana le metsoako.Ka feiga.6e–h e bonts'a bokhoni ba ho thibela tšitiso ea NCO nanomaterials ka tharollo ea 0.1 M NaOH.Limolek'hule tse tloaelehileng tse sitisang tse kang LA, DA, AA le UA li khethoa ebe li kenngoa ho electrolyte.Karabelo ea hajoale ea li-nanomaterials tsa NCO ho tsoekere ea bonahala.Leha ho le joalo, karabelo ea hajoale ho UA, DA, AA le LA ha ea ka ea fetoha, ho bolelang hore li-nanomaterials tsa NCO li bontšitse khetho e ntle haholo bakeng sa ho lemoha tsoekere ho sa tsotelehe liphapang tsa tsona tsa morphological.Setšoantšo sa S13 se bontša botsitso ba li-nanomaterials tsa NCO tse hlahlobiloeng ke karabo ea CA ka 0.1 M NaOH, moo 1 mM glucose e ileng ea kenngoa ho electrolyte nako e telele (80,000 s).Likarabo tsa hona joale tsa UNCO, PNCO, TNCO, le FNCO e ne e le 98.6%, 97.5%, 98.4%, le 96.8%, ka ho latellana, ea hona joale ea pele ka ho eketsoa ha tsoekere e eketsehileng ea 1 mM ka mor'a 80,000 s.Li-nanomaterials tsohle tsa NCO li bonts'a karabelo e tsitsitseng ea redox le mefuta ea tsoekere ka nako e telele.Haholo-holo, letšoao la hona joale la UNCO ha lea ka la boloka 97,1% feela ea nako ea pele, empa hape le bolokile thepa ea eona ea morphology le lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale ka mor'a tlhahlobo ea matsatsi a 7 ea botsitso ba nako e telele ea tikoloho (Figures S14 le S15a).Ho phaella moo, ho ikatisa le ho ikatisa ha UNCO ho ile ha lekoa joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa S15b, c.Phapang e baliloeng ea Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) ea ho ikatisa le ho pheta-pheta e ne e le 2.42% le 2.14%, ka ho latellana, e bonts'a lits'ebetso tse ka bang teng joalo ka sensara ea boemo ba tsoekere ea indasteri.Sena se bonts'a botsitso bo botle ba sebopeho le lik'hemik'hale tsa UNCO tlasa maemo a oxidizing bakeng sa ho lemoha tsoekere.
Ho hlakile hore ts'ebetso ea electrochemical ea NCO nanomaterials bakeng sa ho lemoha tsoekere e amana haholo-holo le melemo ea sebopeho sa mohato oa pele o lokiselitsoeng ke mokhoa oa hydrothermal ka li-additives (Fig. S16).Sebaka se phahameng sa UNCO se na le libaka tse ngata tsa motlakase ho feta li-nanostructures tse ling, tse thusang ho ntlafatsa karabelo ea redox lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tse sebetsang le likaroloana tsa tsoekere.Sebopeho sa mesoporous sa UNCO se ka pepesa habonolo libaka tsa Ni le Co ho electrolyte ho bona tsoekere, e leng se hlahisang karabelo e potlakileng ea electrochemical.Li-nanowire tsa lehlakore le le leng ho UNCO li ka eketsa sekhahla sa phallo ka ho fana ka litsela tse khutšoane tsa lipalangoang bakeng sa li-ion le lielektrone.Ka lebaka la likarolo tse ikhethang tsa sebopeho tse boletsoeng ka holimo, ts'ebetso ea electrochemical ea UNCO bakeng sa ho lemoha tsoekere e phahametse ea PNCO, TNCO, le FNCO.Sena se bontša hore morphology e ikhethang ea UNCO e nang le sebaka se phahameng ka ho fetisisa le boholo ba pore e ka fana ka ts'ebetso e babatsehang ea electrochemical bakeng sa ho lemoha tsoekere.
Phello ea sebaka se itseng se holim'a litšobotsi tsa electrochemical tsa NCO nanomaterials e ile ea ithutoa.Li-nanomaterials tsa NCO tse nang le libaka tse fapaneng tse ikhethileng li ile tsa fumanoa ka mokhoa o bonolo oa hydrothermal le li-additives tse fapaneng.Li-additives tse fapaneng nakong ea motsoako li kena karabelong e fapaneng ea lik'hemik'hale mme li theha mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea pele.Sena se lebisitse ho ikopanyeng ha li-nanostructure tse fapaneng tse nang le morphologies tse ts'oanang le hedgehog, nale ea phaene, tremella le palesa.Ho futhumatsa ka mor'a moo ho lebisa boemong bo tšoanang ba lik'hemik'hale tsa crystalline NCO nanomaterials tse nang le sebopeho sa spinel ha li ntse li boloka morphology ea tsona e ikhethang.Ho ipapisitse le sebaka sa morphology e fapaneng, ts'ebetso ea electrochemical ea NCO nanomaterials bakeng sa ho lemoha tsoekere e ntlafalitsoe haholo.Haholo-holo, kutloisiso ea glucose ea NCO nanomaterials e nang le sea urchin morphology e eketsehile ho 116.33 µA mM-1 cm-2 e nang le coefficient e phahameng ea ho kopanya (R2) ea 0.99 ka har'a moeli oa 0.01-6 mm.Mosebetsi ona o ka fana ka motheo oa saense bakeng sa boenjiniere ba morphological ho fetola sebaka se itseng sa holim'a metsi le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea electrochemical ea lisebelisoa tse se nang enzymatic biosensor.
Ni(NO3)2 6H2O, Co(NO3)2 6H2O, urea, hexamethylenetetramine (HMT), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), d-(+) -glucose, lactic acid (LA), dopamine hydrochloride ( DA), L-ascorbic acid (AA) le uric acid (UA) li ile tsa rekoa ho Sigma-Aldrich.Li-reagents tsohle tse sebelisitsoeng e ne e le tsa sehlopha sa tlhahlobo 'me li ne li sebelisoa ntle le tlhoekiso e eketsehileng.
NiCo2O4 e entsoe ka mokhoa o bonolo oa hydrothermal o lateloang ke kalafo ea mocheso.Ka bokhutšoanyane: 1 mmol ea nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2∙6H2O) le 2 mmol ea cobalt nitrate (Co(NO3)2∙6H2O) e ile ea qhibiliha ka 30 ml ea metsi a hloekisitsoeng.E le ho laola morphology ea NiCo2O4, li-additives tse kang urea, ammonium fluoride le hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) li ile tsa kenyelletsoa ka mokhoa o khethiloeng ho tharollo e ka holimo.Motsoako oohle o ile oa fetisetsoa ho 50 ml ea Teflon-lined autoclave 'me e tlas'a karabelo ea hydrothermal ka ontong ea convection ka 120 ° C. bakeng sa lihora tsa 6.Ka mor'a hore ho pholisoe ka tlhaho ho mocheso oa kamore, pula e hlahisoang e ne e le centrifuged 'me e hlatsuoa ka makhetlo a' maloa ka metsi a hloekisitsoeng le ethanol, ebe e omisoa bosiu bo le bong ka 60 ° C.Ka mor'a moo, lisampole tse sa tsoa lokisoa li ile tsa calcined ka 400 ° C bakeng sa 4 h sebakeng sa tikoloho.Lintlha tsa liteko li thathamisitsoe ho Lethathamo la Litaba tsa Tlatsetso S2.
Tlhahlobo ea X-ray diffraction (XRD, X'Pert-Pro MPD; PANalytical) e entsoe ho sebelisoa mahlaseli a Cu-Kα (λ = 0.15418 nm) ho 40 kV le 30 mA ho ithuta thepa ea sebopeho sa li-nanomaterials tsohle tsa NCO.Mekhoa ea ho fapanyetsana e ngotsoe ka mefuta e mengata ea li-angles 2θ 10-80 ° ka mohato oa 0.05 °.Surface morphology le microstructure li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa electron microscopy e hlahisoang ke tšimo (FESEM; Nova SEM 200, FEI) le microscope transmission electron microscopy (STEM; TALOS F200X, FEI) e nang le matla a ho qhalakanya X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).Libaka tsa valence tsa bokaholimo li ile tsa hlahlojoa ke X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS; PHI 5000 Versa Probe II, ULVAC PHI) ho sebelisa mahlaseli a Al Kα (hν = 1486.6 eV).Matla a tlamang a ile a lekanngoa ho sebelisoa C 1 s peak ho 284.6 eV e le reference.Ka mor'a ho lokisa lisampole ka likaroloana tsa KBr, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra e ile ea rekotoa sebakeng sa wavenumber 1500-400 cm-1 ho spectrometer ea Jasco-FTIR-6300.Raman spectra le eona e ile ea fumanoa ho sebelisoa Raman spectrometer (Horiba Co., Japan) e nang le laser ea He-Ne (632.8 nm) e le mohloli oa thabo.Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET; BELSORP mini II, MicrotracBEL, Corp.) o sebelisitse BELSORP mini II analyzer (MicrotracBEL Corp.) ho lekanya mocheso o tlase oa N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms ho lekanya sebaka se itseng sa sebaka le ho arola boholo ba pore.
Litekanyo tsohle tsa electrochemical, tse kang cyclic voltammetry (CV) le chronoamperometry (CA), li ile tsa etsoa ka PGSTAT302N potentiostat (Metrohm-Autolab) mocheso oa kamore ho sebelisa mochine oa electrode tse tharo ho 0.1 M NaOH tharollo ea metsi.Electrode e sebetsang e thehiloeng holim'a khalase ea carbon electrode (GC), electrode ea Ag / AgCl, le poleiti ea platinum e ne e sebelisoa e le electrode e sebetsang, electrode ea litšupiso, le electrode ea counter, ka ho latellana.Li-CV li ile tsa rekotoa lipakeng tsa 0 le 0.6 V ka litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa skena tsa 5-100 mV s-1.Ho metha ECSA, CV e entsoe ka bongata ba 0.1-0.2 V ka litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa scan (5-100 mV s-1).Fumana karabelo ea sampole ea CA bakeng sa tsoekere ho 0.5 V ka ho sisinyeha.Ho lekanya kutloelo-bohloko le khetho, sebelisa 0.01–6 mM glucose, 0.1 mM LA, DA, AA, le UA ho 0.1 M NaOH.Ho ikatisa ha UNCO ho ile ha lekoa ho sebelisoa li-electrode tse tharo tse fapaneng tse tlatsitsoeng ka tsoekere ea 5 mM tlas'a maemo a nepahetseng.Ho pheta-pheta ho ile ha boela ha hlahlojoa ka ho etsa litekanyo tse tharo ka elektrode e le 'ngoe ea UNCO nakong ea lihora tse 6.
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